Land use and vegetation changes in the Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) of the State of Mexico are analyzed from 2011 to 2021, using geotechnical tools based on spatial modeling. The results show that human activities, deforestation, and conversion of primary vegetation to other uses are the main drivers of ecosystem transformation, impacting biodiversity and ecosystem services. Patterns of losses, gains, and systematic transitions between land use and land cover categories were identified and quantified. This analysis highlights the need for an ecosystem-based management approach that takes into account the interactions between biodiversity, ecological processes, and social factors. The study concludes that ecosystem conservation and restoration requires integrated planning to ensure resilience and sustainability for present and future generations.