The purpose of present research is the complex assessment of water use at regional and local level. The main objectives are as follows: 1) the comparative analysis of volumes of abstracted and used water by the sources of origin and by the main categories of use; 2) assessing the trend evaluations of the volume of abstracted and used water in the years 2010-2023; 3) determining the causes and effects of the values of water use indices and their trends; 4) identifying the problems and opportunities of water use in the study region. The study area includes the Southern Region of Republic of Moldova. The key applied methods are: statistical, cartographic, analytical, including SWOT analysis, comparative method. The main results of this research are: 1) summary and comparative assessment of water use in the study area; 2a) 2010-2016 years with negative trends; 2b) 2017-2023 years with positive trend; 3) water use volume are conditioned by the proximity to the Dniester and Prut, by the size of urban centers, by rainfall and by the capacity of water supply systems; 4) SWOT analysis of water use of in the conditions of climate aridification and of masiive depopulation, of increasing demand of water and capacities of water supply systems.