Climate change is increasingly affecting soils, which makes it necessary to use algal biofertilizers on a large scale to maintain soil health. Algal biofertilizers should be administered preferentially in live form, to accelerate their development in the soil. For the selection and cultivation of algal biofertilizers, it is essential that the algae species are part of the biodiversity of the soils, to avoid imbalances in algal phytocenoses. Among these, certain cyanophyte species are of interest, being cosmopolitan, detected in most soil types, can be easily selected in culture and are suitable for the efficient production of biofertilizers. Thus, the following cyanophyte species have the greatest prospects: Nostoc commune, N. punctiforme, Anabaena variabilis, Tolypothrix tenuis and Microcoleus vaginatus.